String to bytes python

String to bytes python. It's unnecessary work, but it's harmless and is completely compatible with Python 3. bytes_ data types. Otherwise numpy will rise: Feb 8, 2016 · open('filename', 'wb'). In your case, you want to parse a string containing a bytes literals as bytes, so ast. In this example, the Unicode string is transformed into a byte string using the str. Sep 8, 2017 · This is outright incorrect. In Python 3, a bytes object is just a sequence of bytes. I can't use bytes() because the values are too large. Once you do that, you have a string with the correct representation of your number. Concatenation ( +) and replication ( *) operators. Apr 26, 2023 · To convert a string to bytes using the bytes() constructor in Python, you can simply pass the string as an argument to the bytes() function. It has one advantage compared to the above method, that is, you don’t need to specify the encoding if your intended encoding is utf-8. May 19, 2019 · So the string has three characters and you can not do ord on a three character string. Using the literal_eval () method. to_bytes((len(s) + 7) // 8, byteorder='big') If len(s) is guaranteed to be a multiple of 8, then the first arg of . From the Python 2. byteobj = '\xf0\x9f\xa4\xb1'. The resulting `byte_string_str_encode` represents the UTF-8 encoded byte sequence of the mixed-language Unicode string. I need to convert int list into a byte string but I don't know how. Apr 26, 2021 · If the idea is to return only 2-digit hex values, then this question implies the use of byte strings (i. 1. a. The bytes () function takes three parameters as input all of which are optional. str represents a simple byte string while unicode is a Unicode string. int attributes. >>> test = "Test" >>> test. For Python 3, this changed: Now str is what was unicode in Python 2 and byte is what was str in Python 2. decode('ascii'). Using NumPy indexing and broadcasting with arrays of Python strings of unknown length, which may or may not have data defined for every value. The version argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID will have its variant and version number set according to RFC 4122, overriding bits in the given hex, bytes, bytes_le, fields, or int. Using bytes () constructor. write(bytes_) As you would expect from the 'b', this is a byte API. Nov 21, 2018 at 7:15. pack) and then back to C double (Python extracts the 4-bytes as a C float and then converts the result back to a C Feb 5, 2024 · Python Unicode String to Byte String Using str. See full list on askpython. Strings are an abstraction. Byte is used in further operations which require binary data. I was given the docstring to this function: def test (a, b): ''' takes two bytes, returns the the bytes when the two bytes are added up (bytes, bytes) -> bytes j = 0 k = j + b [0] I tried doing this (which i was told would be a valid input to the function and follows the docstring): test (b"2402", b def bytes_to_base64_string(value: bytes) -> str: import base64 return base64. So in order to convert a string into a byte sequence, you have to decide how to represent each character in your string. Binary f-strings would first require a solution for bytes If a function takes a bytes32, it cannot accept a value longer than 32 bytes. However, I can't find out any way to parse the string so that I get \xe0\xa6\xb8\xe0\xa6\x96 and \xe0\xa6\xb6\xe0\xa6\x96 in two different variables. You’ll explore three different forms of using bytes(): bytes(<s>, <encoding>) creates a bytes object from a string. byte를 String으로 변환하는 방법은 "Python - bytes를 String으로 변환하는 방법"을 참고해주세요. Nov 18, 2014 · First of all passing an integer (say n) to bytes() simply returns an bytes string of n length with null bytes. decode(encoding)으로 bytes를 string으로 변환할 수 있습니다. Once upon a time, you could just use fromstring, but that method is now deprecated, since it has to implicitly encode the string into bytes. 6 and later have a bytearray type which may be what you're looking for. write(bytes_) BytesIO is the byte equivalent to StringIO. Jun 27, 2020 · 1. Using Encode Function. Use something like binascii to convert the hex string into actual bytes like so: import binascii. Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. read(). Oct 21, 2015 · 22. Indexing and slicing. answered Jun 13, 2021 at 0:40. Here's an example: Here's an example: Apr 8, 2014 · According to the Python docs, the b prefix means that your string is a byte string. Using the encode () method. 0x45 = 69. to_bytes can be simplified: return int(s, 2). Dec 27, 2017 · I am using python 3 and try to convert a hex-string to a byte-represented form. Here’s an example of using the bytes() constructor to convert a string to bytes: PYTHON. Python is a versatile programming language that is widely used for a range of applications. I am note sure what i am doing wrong, but maybe it is something with the encoding? Jul 5, 2021 · To create byte objects we can use the bytes () function. encode('utf-8') When it is a constant string, the process can be simpler. In this article, we will see the difference between byte objects and strings in Python and also will look at how we can convert byte string to Feb 26, 2023 · From what I understood (I have a terrible understanding of english): You can use the eval() or the exec() function to convert a string to any Python object you want. This constructor takes a sequence of integers and creates a bytes object from them. Mar 13, 2013 · In Python 2 you have types str and unicode. Basically, you need to convert that string to bytes before comparing. The encode () function of Python encodes the string into bytes based on the specified encoding schema. In this case, the second parameter is the encoding Jun 26, 2015 · Conversion from strings requires a bit of ceremony. import six. is there more efficient and elegant way of doing this Viewed 2k times. Feb 8, 2016 · open('filename', 'wb'). 0xAB00 = 43776. For example, a schematic diagram of the indices of the string 'foobar' would look like this: String Indices. In this section, we’ll discuss various methods to convert a Python string to bytes. I think it's important to not here that turning a single character into a bit string for its code point is highly unusual and in practice this is never really done (unless you are using an encoding known as UTF-32 BE, in which case you should pad the bit May 22, 2014 · Python 2. The str() constructor takes a single argument, which is the byte string Jun 16, 2023 · Convert String to Bytes. Convert Bytes to String in Python 3. Since this question is also coming up in searches about splitting binary strings: Sep 19, 2023 · 使用 bytes. 2. decode()를 이용한 방법. def bytes_to_base64_string(value: bytes) -> str: import base64 return base64. So \x004 is really the same as \x00\x34 , D\x856\x00 is the same as \x44\x85\x36\x00 , and \xd4? is the same as \xd4\x3f , because: String을 byte로 변환하는 방법은 "Python - String을 bytes로 변환하는 방법"을 참고해주세요. hex() For more information about hexadecimal values, check out the following resources: Unicode & Character Encodings in Python: A Painless Guide. Dec 23, 2012 · This is a Python 101 type question, but it had me baffled for a while when I tried to use a package that seemed to convert my string input into bytes. encode('ascii') Save this answer. if six. StringIO('wello horld') bio = io. TCP_IP = '127. bytes() returns an object that cannot be modified, and bytearray() returns an object that can be modified. hexlify () function. 7) which is a string of abstract Unicode characters (a. Then decode it back using the required encoding to get back your bytes array. Specifically: A prefix of 'b' or 'B' is ignored in Python 2; it indicates that the literal should become a bytes literal in Python 3 (e. 3 subprocess. unpack(">l",b"\x00\x01\x02\x03") # unpacks 4 byte big endian signed int Note that your example splits 2 byte words, not bytes. In Python, bytes represents a sequence of bits and UTF-8 specifies the character encoding to use. 141592654 as a C double, it's lost when it's converted to a C float (by struct. As explained above, you can encode them to the byte string (b string), and the byte string can be decoded back to the Unicode string. For example, if we have the byte-array or "0x12 0x34 0x56 0x78", changed endianness output will be "0x78 0x56 0x34 0x12", but not "0x87 0x65 0x43 0x21 – Feb 2, 2024 · hex_string: This is a required argument and represents the input hexadecimal string that you want to convert into a byte literal. B is equal to one byte (8 bit) unsigned. 它的语法如下：. hex_string ：这是一个必需的参数，表示要转换为字节文字的输入十六进制字符串。. In this example, we will convert Python String to bytes using the bytes() function, for this we take a variable with string and pass it into the bytes() function with UTF-8 parameters. b64encode function encodes bytes object into Base64 format. A byte string is a sequence of, unsurprisingly, bytes - things that can be stored on disk. Assuming Python 3 (in Python 2, this difference is a little less well-defined) - a string is a sequence of characters, ie unicode codepoints; these are an abstract concept, and can't be directly stored on disk. The primary problem is that an object's __format__() method may return Unicode data that is not compatible with a bytes string. To convert a string to bytes. In Python3, the default string is called Unicode string (u string), you can understand them as human-readable characters. And if you follow that link: If it is an iterable, it must be an iterable of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256, which are used as the initial contents of the array. :) However, there's a better way to do this in Python 3: use the int. TCP_PORT = 5005. Here’s how you can use them when converting Python strings to bytes: 1. 这是 bytes. Whatever the accuracy of storing 3. – Jan 10, 2018 · This is a Unicode string that I'm importing from an online file using urllib, and I want to compare the individual bytestrings so that I can replace the wrong ones. k. 6 Sequence Types): "There are seven sequence types: strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, bytearrays, buffers, and xrange objects. Since Python 3, the old ASCII way of doing things had to go, and Python became completely Unicode. decode('utf_8') 'foo' See encode and decode in the Standard library. A character may take more than one byte. EDIT: write will Just Work on any binary file-like object. . data = "" #string data = "". What is a string? Sep 3, 2015 · Code snippets to show you how to convert string to bytes and vice versa. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Nov 10, 2020 · You can convert it to a string by calling the bytearray. to_bytes method: def bitstring_to_bytes(s): return int(s, 2). python. e. Second and third parameters are used only when the first parameter is string. Do you want the first 50 characters in the given string? Note that it is bad form to talk about bytes in text: that became outdated with the advent of Unicode and even before that. 1'. We’ll cover three techniques: the encode () method, bytes () function, and codecs library. Bytes are the actual data. For the first use case, NumPy provides the fixed-width numpy. to_bytes(4,'little'), but there is no to_bytes method for floats. To convert bytes to a String. The base64. encode('utf-16be') Python 3: '\u4132'. str_ and numpy. Commonly used ones are utf_8, utf_8_sig, ascii, latin_1 and cp1252. Nov 11, 2020 · 1. Use the struct. @PetrKrampl accuracy of C float (single, 4 bytes) and C double (double, 8 bytes). It is a sequence of Unicode characters (encoded in UTF -16 or UTF-32 and entirely depends on Python’s compilation). encode() #bytes data = b"" #bytes 2. 363. If you leave the decoding argument out, it will default to 'utf-8'. To turn a given string into bytes, you can use either the bytes() function or the str. It has a nice mix of the features of lists and strings. String indexing in Python is zero-based: the first character in the string has index 0, the next has index 1, and so on. encode() May 1, 2021 · This post will discuss how to convert a string to bytes in Python (and vice versa). PY2 and isinstance(s, bytes): return s. The index of the last character will be the length of the string minus one. encode('utf8')) print(bio. – 2 days ago · Exactly one of hex, bytes, bytes_le, fields, or int must be given. Nov 12, 2019 · I want to convert a Python float into a byte array, encoding it as a 32 bit little-endian IEEE floating point number, in order to write it to a binary file. , you can change individual bytes "in place" rather than having to create a whole new string. The available encodings are documented in this table. b64encode(value). It can convert objects into bytes objects, or create empty bytes object of the specified size. decode('ASCII') There is one misunderstanding often made, especially by people coming from the Java world. to_bytes Oct 25, 2010 · If it's a Python 2. For example: byte_array. data = b"" #bytes data = b"". If it is a string, you must also give the encoding (and optionally, errors) parameters; bytearray() then converts the string to bytes using str. 4. I am using Python 2. unpack(str(len(bytestring)) + 'c', bytestring) is possible. I am trying to use the recommended Python 3 approach to turn this string into a usable string that I can manipulate. The Latin-1 character encoding trivially (and unlike every other encoding supported by Python) encodes every code point in the range 0x00-0xff to a byte with the same value. The bytes() function returns a bytes object. check_output() returns a bytestring. Demo -. Dec 6, 2016 · Please be more clear. This is useful when we are working with data that has been encoded in a byte string format, such as when reading data from a file or receiving data over a network socket. 4+, ints are automatically converted to Python longs when they overflow 32 bits (signed). The first argument to struct. pack () function to convert the bytes to a fixed-length binary string. Using the int () function: May 7, 2023 · To transform a string into a byte there is some encoding format used such as ASCII or UTF-8. Feb 23, 2024 · These are the 8 different methods to convert string to hexadecimal in Python, each with advantages. Byte data type. Each integer in the sequence represents a byte of data. As I specified little endian (using the '<' char) at the start of the format string the function returned the decimal equivalent. Oct 25, 2016 · To transform a unicode string to a byte string in Python do this: >>> 'foo'. Jun 29, 2023 · Another way to convert strings to bytes in Python is to use the bytes() constructor. Here is the proper solution: First: convert the list of lists to a single list using Dec 16, 2020 · I have string data that look like bytes reprs of JSON in Python >>> data = """b'{"a": 1, "b": 2}'""" So on the inside of that, we have valid JSON that looks like it's been byte-encoded. Using struct. Aug 4, 2016 · Ayman, note that Python has built-in support for arbitrarily long ints, so you don't need a library. 3 Ways How to Convert a Python String to Bytes. decode () method and supplying an encoding. from io import BytesIO. So all that’s left is asking how to convert that string into a bytes object. Jun 13, 2021 · It’s akin to testing '123' == 123. Below is the syntax for using the encoding () function. So when you do ("x = %s" % '\u041c\u0438\u0440'). literal_eval will do the trick. As @simonzack already mentioned, bytes are immutable, so to update (or better Dec 6, 2021 · Python convert string literals to strings While the question is about parsing string literals as strings, the answers apply to parsing any sort of Python literal. encode() method with UTF-8 encoding. A 'u' or 'b' prefix may be followed by an 'r' prefix. If it is an integer, the array will have that size and will be initialized with null bytes. BytesIO(sio. " Aug 5, 2019 · In Python 2 str(n) already produces bytes; the encode will do a double conversion as this string is implicitly converted to Unicode and back again to bytes. Apr 18, 2021 · Difference between byte and string data type in Python String data type. If you had multi-character string object and you took a single character, it would be a string, and it might be more than 1 byte in size depending on encoding. Jun 30, 2023 · Overview of Python to bytes. Hot Network Questions It - Preparatory subject . While bytes literals and representations are based on ASCII text, bytes objects actually behave like immutable sequences of integers, with each value in the sequence restricted such that 0 <= x < 256 (attempts to violate this Apr 3, 2014 · It is distinct from a Python 3 str (or, more descriptively, a unicode in Python 2. The bytes. when code is automatically converted with 2to3). If you want the base64 encoded version of your string, you can the encode method of the string with base64. float32 ) You need to ensure your string has lenght multiple of 4. decode() #string data = str(b"") #string P. For example: b'Hello World' While converting it back: bytes. Web3. So, that's not what you want here: Either you can do: >>> bytes([5]) #This will work only for range 0-256. UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte code units. didn't notice c is Bytes. Or: >>> bytes(chr(5), 'ascii') b'\x05'. Gosh, that was frustrating. Nov 27, 2020 · Depending on the version of Python you're using, this task will differ. MESSAGE = b"000010010000000000001001". format(), you may not combine 'f' with 'b' string literals. When starting from a string, that means you have to specify an import struct struct. Mar 21, 2015 · In Python >= 3. BytesIO(). encode("utf-8") you can actually omit the u prefix, as it is implicit. sio = io. Using list comprehension and the ord () function. fromhex() method works: Input Validation: The method first validates the input hex_string to ensure that it contains only valid hexadecimal characters (digits 0-9 and lowercase or uppercase Nov 14, 2021 · With the basic concepts understood, let’s cover some practical coding tips in Python. – martineau. 0. BUFFER_SIZE = 1024. fromstring( "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", np. 0x12 = 18. encode() Method. encode Method to Convert String to Bytes in Python. Nvm. string. Here is an example code snippet: 1 day ago · See String and Bytes literals for more about the various forms of bytes literal, including supported escape sequences. my_string = "Hello, world!" my What can i do to change the type into a bytes type? You can't, there is no such type as 'bytes' in Python 2. b'\x05'. Python 2 str or Python 3 bytestring), as there is no unequivocal transformation of a character into an integer in 0…255. Definition and Usage. Example -. """. Converting String to Bytes in Python. x unicode), first encode to bytes (or a str, respectively) using your preferred encoding ('utf-8' is a good choice) and then get the len of the encoded bytes/str object. The difference between bytes() and bytearray() is that. 4 is the same as \x34 , but as it opted to print the ASCII character in the representation. If it's a Python 3. Using binascii. UTF-32, though Python 3 adds fancy compression under the hood to reduce the actual memory footprint similar to UTF-8, perhaps even in a more general way). To concisely convert from one to the other, you could inline the call to encode (just as you could with any function call) The bytes function creates a bytes object from the string "your_string" using UTF-8 encoding. One of the many benefits of working with Python is the ability to manipulate strings and bytes. The object which has to be converted to bytes is passed as the first parameter. Python float is really C double. Aug 24, 2019 · Python 2: u'\u4132'. Sep 6, 2022 · Bytes are simply encoded objects of string that can be stored on a disk and returned to their original form by decoding them to string. It is used to represent an integer between 0 and 255, and we can denote it as ‘b’ or ‘B. The latin-1 codec (aka latin_1, iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, 8859, cp819, latin, latin1, and L1) is a 1-to-1 encoding encoding each Unicode ordinal from 0 to 255 to an equivalent byte value. You can use str. Using codecs Module. In Python 3, there will only be the int type, but even now in Python 2. decode('utf-8') May 1, 2021 · この投稿では、Python で文字列をバイトに変換する方法 (およびその逆) について説明します。アイデアは、バイト コンストラクター `bytes(string, encoding)` を使用して、指定されたエンコーディングを使用して文字列からバイトの配列を取得することです。 Feb 2, 2024 · str. decode(encoding) return s. pack () specifies the format of the output string. S Tested with Python 3. 6, to convert a string to a bytearray: str. If you have more than 32 bytes to send in, you probably don't want to blindly clip off the end. The idea is explicitly dismissed in the PEP: For the same reason that we don't support bytes. So the general solution is just to find the right API. bytes_string=part. More available characters and byte sizes can be found here. decode() it to get a string, or you can turn the you want to add to bytes with "". 输入 Nov 28, 2023 · In Python 2, both str and bytes are the same typeByte objects whereas in Python 3 Byte objects, defined in Python 3 are “ sequence of bytes ” and similar to “ unicode ” objects from Python 2. But note that code points above U+FFFF will be encoded using two code units (so with UTF-16BE this means 32 bits or 4 bytes). Jan 21, 2018 · 1. Jan 30, 2016 · str, the type of text, is not the same as bytes, the type of sequences of eight-bit words. encode() method. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which one to use depends on the specific requirements of the application. bytes(<size>) creates a bytes object consisting of null (0x00) bytes. Using the binascii. encode(). Converting Unicode strings to bytes is quite common these days because it is necessary to convert strings to bytes to process files or machine learning. unhexlify () function. encode('latin-1') You say you don't want to use an encoding, but the alternatives which avoid it seem far inferior. I want to decode the bytes and loads the JSON on the inside, but since its a string I cannot. fromhex(<s>) and b. encode(encoding=encoding) Where, string: It is the string that you want to convert into byte. Unlike strings, it is mutable, i. read()) # prints b'wello horld'. 7 documentation (5. If you know the encoding of the output, you can . So i used the following command: bytes. decode() with encoding as unicode-escape . output1 = binascii. pack () method. It takes a bytes-like object as input and returns a Base64 encoded bytes object Sep 14, 2022 · Here are five ways to convert a string to bytes in Python: Using encode () method. Jun 5, 2015 · Just call the bytes constructor. str. Sender Code: import socket. Both of them take a string as an input and return a bytes object that represents the string in a specified encoding. Why is there a need to convert a String to a byte? Here are a few reasons to change string to the byte in Python: Binary data is usually read from a file as a sequence of bytes. As you will see below I found the answer for myself, but I felt it was worth recording here because of the time it took me to unearth what was going on. There are two different ways to convert a string to bytes in Python: 1. bytes([152710136, 76354857, 38177353, 2252736081, 1126368238]) I get this error: ValueError: bytes must be in range(0, 256) The expected value is: b'\xc4\xb7\x86\x17\xcd'. Using the hex () method. encode('utf_8') b'foo' To transform a byte string to a unicode string: >>> b'foo'. Assuming your string contains no ordinals above 255, it should work for your purposes. x str, get its len. For the second use case, numpy provides numpy Feb 12, 2021 · I have a string of bytes like this: mystring = '000102' convert python string of byte data to bytes. com Dec 8, 2023 · In this article, we have explored three ways to convert a string into bytes in Python: using the encode() method, the bytearray() function, and the struct module. Apr 7, 2023 · Convert the string text to bytes using the bytes () function with the encoding parameter “utf-8”. bytes가 encoding될 때 사용된 타입을 인자로 전달하면 됩니다. unhexlify('fef00a01') edited Jun 13, 2021 at 0:46. decode('ASCII') actually encodes bytes to string, not decodes them. The bytes() function then returns a new immutable bytes object which represents the string encoded with either ASCII or UTF-8 encoding. Jun 1, 2023 · Converting a string to bytes. 7. You can use the fromstring method and specify the number of bytes to convert to ( 32 bits = 4 bytes in this particular case): np. Strings and bytes vary within this string are a sequence of characters, whereas byte objects are an arrangement of bytes. void , numpy. ) No. Built-in functions len(), min(), and max() Methods for bytes objects. def bytes_to_str(s, encoding='utf-8'): """Returns a str if a bytes object is given. Jul 31, 2014 · Python displays any byte that can represent a printable ASCII character as that character. x str (or a Python 2. bytes() 함수로 문자열을 바이트로 변환 Apr 10, 2023 · You can use the str() constructor in Python to convert a byte string (bytes object) to a string object. Let’s take a look at how this can be accomplished. py will actually reject the function as a possibility based on the type mismatch (because multiple functions with the same name and different types are allowed). b64encode () to get the your data as base64 encoded bytes: : 9619380004". Although Python 2 has reached its end of life, many projects still use it, so we'll include both the Python 2 and Python 3 approaches. A string is a sequence of characters, while bytes are a sequence of values from 0 to 255. -1. get_payload(decode=False) The payload comes in as a byte string, as my variable name suggests. fromhex('97ad300414b64c') I Expected results like this: b'\x97\xad\x30\x04\x14\xb6\x4c'' but got b'\x97\xad0\x04\x14\xb6L'. fromhex() 函数将十六进制转换为字节的Python. bytes. Apr 28, 2019 · update: The more general question is, how to convert a binary (encoded) file-like object into decoded file-like object in python3? the naive approach i got is: import io. fromhex() 方法用于将有效的十六进制字符串转换为 bytes 对象。. Feb 4, 2019 · It is intended to support codebases that work on both Python 2 and 3 without modification. Still not getting what i want. bytes(<iterable>) creates a bytes object from an iterable. In this case, “16s” specifies a string of length 16 bytes. As the docs say: … constructor arguments are interpreted as for bytearray(). import struct. To change endianness, reversing string seems right to us humans, but is incorrect nonetheless. If took 1 byte with a byte string, you'd get a single 8-bit value from 0-255 and it might not represent a complete character if Jun 14, 2018 · I am going to send a byte string over tcp channel by python, the bit string has 3 bytes "000010010000000000001001" that if I look at it as 3 integers it is '909'. encode(encoding=) encode method of string class could also convert the string to bytes in Python. unpack("<H",b"\x00\x01") # unpacks 2 byte little endian unsigned int struct. H is equal to two bytes (16 bit) unsigned. What is the modern Pythonic way to do that in Python 3? For ints I can do my_int. fromhex() 方法的工作原理：. encode('utf-16be') These methods return a byte array, which you can convert to an int array easily. Jun 30, 2021 · Python Convert Unicode to Bytes. ’ Python Bytes to String base64 Apr 16, 2024 · String to Byte Array in Python Using the encode () Function. (As jfs observes in the comments, the format string for struct. Here’s how the bytes. Method 1 Built-in function bytes() A string can be converted to bytes using the bytes() generic function This often is used for a name or label field. unpack can be constructed dynamically; in this case we know the number of individual bytes in the result must equal the number of bytes in the original bytestring, so struct. To avoid the inevitable encoding errors, it's better to pass a bytes object to frombytes. Comparison of UUID objects are made by way of comparing their UUID. g. In Python 3, there's no implicit conversion between unicode ( str) objects and bytes objects. Python convert string to byte: There are several In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use bytes() to create a bytes object. Apr 21, 2019 · There are built-in Python solutions that do not require dependencies on numpy, which is what the original question is asking. use this library and decode in this way. I need this output --> c=b'0\x8c\x90\x05\xa1\xe2!\xbe' Your solution gives me this: b'O\xc2\x8c\xc2\x90\x05\xc2\xa1\xc3\xa2 Sep 20, 2015 · Clearly, Patrick's second way is more compact. then, this can be converted to base64 encoded string with the decode() method: The in and not in operators. Feb 10, 2016 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. tk kk wq hg zm dj oy sc ha qp